3.2. Commando

3.2.1. Doel

Om aanroep en ontkoppeling samen te vatten.

We hebben een Starter en een Ontvanger. Dit patroon gebruikt een “Commando” om de methodeaanroep aan de ontvanger te delegeren en presenteert dezelfde methode “execute”. Daarom weet de Starter gewoon “voer uit” aan te roepen om het commando van de client te verwerken. De Ontvanger is losgekoppeld van de Starter.

Het tweede aspect van dit patroon is de undo (), die de methode execute () ongedaan maakt. Commando’s kunnen ook worden geaggregeerd om complexere commando’s te combineren met een minimum aan kopiëren en plakken en vertrouwen op compositie boven overerving.

3.2.2. Bijvoorbeeld

• A text editor : all events are commands which can be undone, stacked and saved.

• grote console tools maken gebruik van subcommandos om verschillende taken uit te delen en ze verpakken in “modules”, elk van deze kan worden gebruikt met de Commando patroon (vb. zwervend)

3.2.3. UML Diagram

3.2.4. Code

Je kan deze broncode terugvinden op GitHub

Command.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;

interface Command
{
    /**
     * this is the most important method in the Command pattern,
     * The Receiver goes in the constructor.
     */
    public function execute();
}

UndoableCommand.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;

interface UndoableCommand extends Command
{
    /**
     * This method is used to undo change made by command execution
     */
    public function undo();
}

HelloCommand.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;

/**
 * This concrete command calls "print" on the Receiver, but an external
 * invoker just knows that it can call "execute"
 */
class HelloCommand implements Command
{
    /**
     * Each concrete command is built with different receivers.
     * There can be one, many or completely no receivers, but there can be other commands in the parameters
     */
    public function __construct(private Receiver $output)
    {
    }

    /**
     * execute and output "Hello World".
     */
    public function execute()
    {
        // sometimes, there is no receiver and this is the command which does all the work
        $this->output->write('Hello World');
    }
}

AddMessageDateCommand.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;

/**
 * This concrete command tweaks receiver to add current date to messages
 * invoker just knows that it can call "execute"
 */
class AddMessageDateCommand implements UndoableCommand
{
    /**
     * Each concrete command is built with different receivers.
     * There can be one, many or completely no receivers, but there can be other commands in the parameters.
     */
    public function __construct(private Receiver $output)
    {
    }

    /**
     * Execute and make receiver to enable displaying messages date.
     */
    public function execute()
    {
        // sometimes, there is no receiver and this is the command which
        // does all the work
        $this->output->enableDate();
    }

    /**
     * Undo the command and make receiver to disable displaying messages date.
     */
    public function undo()
    {
        // sometimes, there is no receiver and this is the command which
        // does all the work
        $this->output->disableDate();
    }
}

Receiver.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;

/**
 * Receiver is a specific service with its own contract and can be only concrete.
 */
class Receiver
{
    private bool $enableDate = false;

    /**
     * @var string[]
     */
    private array $output = [];

    public function write(string $str)
    {
        if ($this->enableDate) {
            $str .= ' [' . date('Y-m-d') . ']';
        }

        $this->output[] = $str;
    }

    public function getOutput(): string
    {
        return join("\n", $this->output);
    }

    /**
     * Enable receiver to display message date
     */
    public function enableDate()
    {
        $this->enableDate = true;
    }

    /**
     * Disable receiver to display message date
     */
    public function disableDate()
    {
        $this->enableDate = false;
    }
}

Invoker.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;

/**
 * Invoker is using the command given to it.
 * Example : an Application in SF2.
 */
class Invoker
{
    private Command $command;

    /**
     * in the invoker we find this kind of method for subscribing the command
     * There can be also a stack, a list, a fixed set ...
     */
    public function setCommand(Command $cmd)
    {
        $this->command = $cmd;
    }

    /**
     * executes the command; the invoker is the same whatever is the command
     */
    public function run()
    {
        $this->command->execute();
    }
}

3.2.5. Теst

Tests/CommandTest.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Tests;

use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\HelloCommand;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Invoker;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Receiver;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class CommandTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testInvocation()
    {
        $invoker = new Invoker();
        $receiver = new Receiver();

        $invoker->setCommand(new HelloCommand($receiver));
        $invoker->run();
        $this->assertSame('Hello World', $receiver->getOutput());
    }
}

Tests/UndoableCommandTest.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Tests;

use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\AddMessageDateCommand;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\HelloCommand;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Invoker;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Receiver;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class UndoableCommandTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testInvocation()
    {
        $invoker = new Invoker();
        $receiver = new Receiver();

        $invoker->setCommand(new HelloCommand($receiver));
        $invoker->run();
        $this->assertSame('Hello World', $receiver->getOutput());

        $messageDateCommand = new AddMessageDateCommand($receiver);
        $messageDateCommand->execute();

        $invoker->run();
        $this->assertSame("Hello World\nHello World [" . date('Y-m-d') . ']', $receiver->getOutput());

        $messageDateCommand->undo();

        $invoker->run();
        $this->assertSame("Hello World\nHello World [" . date('Y-m-d') . "]\nHello World", $receiver->getOutput());
    }
}