1.2. Builder

1.2.1. Rôle

Un builder est une interface permettant de construire certaines parties d’un objet complexe.

Parfois, lorsque le builder « sait » plus précisément ce qu’il construit, cette interface pourrait être une classe abstraite avec des méthodes par défaut (alias adapter).

Si vous avez un arbre d’héritage complexe pour les objets, il est logique d’avoir un arbre d’héritage complexe pour les builders.

Note : Les builders ont souvent une désignation chaînée ou chaînage de méthodes (fluent interface), voir le Mock Builder de PHPUnit par exemple.

1.2.2. Exemples

• PHPUnit: Mock Builder

1.2.3. Diagramme UML

1.2.4. Code

Vous pouvez également trouver ce code sur GitHub

Director.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;

/**
 * Director is part of the builder pattern. It knows the interface of the builder
 * and builds a complex object with the help of the builder
 *
 * You can also inject many builders instead of one to build more complex objects
 */
class Director
{
    public function build(Builder $builder): Vehicle
    {
        $builder->createVehicle();
        $builder->addDoors();
        $builder->addEngine();
        $builder->addWheel();

        return $builder->getVehicle();
    }
}

Builder.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;

interface Builder
{
    public function createVehicle(): void;

    public function addWheel(): void;

    public function addEngine(): void;

    public function addDoors(): void;

    public function getVehicle(): Vehicle;
}

TruckBuilder.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Door;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Engine;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Wheel;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Truck;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;

class TruckBuilder implements Builder
{
    private Truck $truck;

    public function addDoors(): void
    {
        $this->truck->setPart('rightDoor', new Door());
        $this->truck->setPart('leftDoor', new Door());
    }

    public function addEngine(): void
    {
        $this->truck->setPart('truckEngine', new Engine());
    }

    public function addWheel(): void
    {
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel1', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel2', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel3', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel4', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel5', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel6', new Wheel());
    }

    public function createVehicle(): void
    {
        $this->truck = new Truck();
    }

    public function getVehicle(): Vehicle
    {
        return $this->truck;
    }
}

CarBuilder.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Door;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Engine;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Wheel;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Car;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;

class CarBuilder implements Builder
{
    private Car $car;

    public function addDoors(): void
    {
        $this->car->setPart('rightDoor', new Door());
        $this->car->setPart('leftDoor', new Door());
        $this->car->setPart('trunkLid', new Door());
    }

    public function addEngine(): void
    {
        $this->car->setPart('engine', new Engine());
    }

    public function addWheel(): void
    {
        $this->car->setPart('wheelLF', new Wheel());
        $this->car->setPart('wheelRF', new Wheel());
        $this->car->setPart('wheelLR', new Wheel());
        $this->car->setPart('wheelRR', new Wheel());
    }

    public function createVehicle(): void
    {
        $this->car = new Car();
    }

    public function getVehicle(): Vehicle
    {
        return $this->car;
    }
}

Parts/Vehicle.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

abstract class Vehicle
{
    final public function setPart(string $key, object $value)
    {
    }
}

Parts/Truck.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Truck extends Vehicle
{
}

Parts/Car.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Car extends Vehicle
{
}

Parts/Engine.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Engine
{
}

Parts/Wheel.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Wheel
{
}

Parts/Door.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Door
{
}

1.2.5. Test

Tests/DirectorTest.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Tests;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Car;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Truck;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\TruckBuilder;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\CarBuilder;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Director;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class DirectorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testCanBuildTruck()
    {
        $truckBuilder = new TruckBuilder();
        $newVehicle = (new Director())->build($truckBuilder);

        $this->assertInstanceOf(Truck::class, $newVehicle);
    }

    public function testCanBuildCar()
    {
        $carBuilder = new CarBuilder();
        $newVehicle = (new Director())->build($carBuilder);

        $this->assertInstanceOf(Car::class, $newVehicle);
    }
}