2.4. 数据映射器

2.4.1. 目的

数据映射器是一个数据访问层，用于将数据在持久性数据存储（通常是一个关系数据库）和内存中的数据表示（领域层）之间进行相互转换。其目的是为了将数据的内存表示、持久存储、数据访问进行分离。该层由一个或者多个映射器组成（或者数据访问对象），并且进行数据的转换。映射器的实现在范围上有所不同。通用映射器将处理许多不同领域的实体类型，而专用映射器将处理一个或几个。

此模式的主要特点是，与Active Record不同，其数据模式遵循单一职责原则(Single Responsibility Principle)。

2.4.2. 例子

• DB Object Relational Mapper (ORM) : Doctrine2 使用 DAO "EntityRepository" 作为DAO

2.4.3. UML 图

2.4.4. 代码

你可以在 GitHub 上找到这些代码

User.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\DataMapper;

class User
{
    public static function fromState(array $state): User
    {
        // validate state before accessing keys!

        return new self(
            $state['username'],
            $state['email']
        );
    }

    public function __construct(private string $username, private string $email)
    {
    }

    public function getUsername(): string
    {
        return $this->username;
    }

    public function getEmail(): string
    {
        return $this->email;
    }
}

UserMapper.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\DataMapper;

use InvalidArgumentException;

class UserMapper
{
    public function __construct(private StorageAdapter $adapter)
    {
    }

    /**
     * finds a user from storage based on ID and returns a User object located
     * in memory. Normally this kind of logic will be implemented using the Repository pattern.
     * However the important part is in mapRowToUser() below, that will create a business object from the
     * data fetched from storage
     */
    public function findById(int $id): User
    {
        $result = $this->adapter->find($id);

        if ($result === null) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("User #$id not found");
        }

        return $this->mapRowToUser($result);
    }

    private function mapRowToUser(array $row): User
    {
        return User::fromState($row);
    }
}

StorageAdapter.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\DataMapper;

class StorageAdapter
{
    public function __construct(private array $data)
    {
    }

    /**
     * @return array|null
     */
    public function find(int $id)
    {
        if (isset($this->data[$id])) {
            return $this->data[$id];
        }

        return null;
    }
}

2.4.5. 测试

Tests/DataMapperTest.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\DataMapper\Tests;

use InvalidArgumentException;
use DesignPatterns\Structural\DataMapper\StorageAdapter;
use DesignPatterns\Structural\DataMapper\User;
use DesignPatterns\Structural\DataMapper\UserMapper;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class DataMapperTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testCanMapUserFromStorage()
    {
        $storage = new StorageAdapter([1 => ['username' => 'someone', 'email' => 'someone@example.com']]);
        $mapper = new UserMapper($storage);

        $user = $mapper->findById(1);

        $this->assertInstanceOf(User::class, $user);
    }

    public function testWillNotMapInvalidData()
    {
        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);

        $storage = new StorageAdapter([]);
        $mapper = new UserMapper($storage);

        $mapper->findById(1);
    }
}